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Tsunami Society International

International Journal
SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS

ISSUES - Year 2014

ISSN 8755-6839

..........................................................

ABSTRACTS for Volume 33, No. 3

 

Complete Journal - January 2014 - STHVol33N3Y2014New

 

EVACUATION BEHAVIOR AND FATALITY DURING THE 2011 TOHOKU TSUNAMI 

Nam-Yi Yun - Research Associate, Waseda University, Department of Civil & Environmental   
                         Engineering, JAPAN
                          namyiyun@aoni.waseYunda.jp

Masanori Hamada - Professor Emeritus, Waseda University, Department of Civil & Environmental    
                                   Engineering, JAPAN
                                    hamada@waseda.jp

ABSTRACT

The 2011 Great East Japan earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves, causing disastrous damages in a vast area and took more than 18,000 lives. Despite the unprecedented disaster, some of the buildings and concrete bridges located in tsunami-inundated areas survived and functioned as effective shelters for those who evacuated. It indicates that the disaster could be the product of other factors such as behavioral or environmental factor. In order to study the human impact in the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, it investigates the relationships among evacuation behaviors (i.e., evacuation starting time), preparedness before the disaster, and evacuee’s characteristics and survival rate of the 2011 disaster. Results show that behaviors during the disaster differentiated for the survivors and the dead and missing. A model is developed based on the analysis of each evacuation behavior factors on the fatalities; integrated strategies are proposed and discussed for the reduction of casualties in the future large-scaled natural disasters.

Keywords: Tohoku Tsunami, human impact, evacuation behavior, fatalities

Vol. 33, No. 3, page 144  (2014)

 

SIMULATION OF TSUNAMI FORCE ON ROWS OF BUILDINGS IN ACEH REGION AFTER TSUNAMI DISASTER IN 2004   

                                                                                   
Radianta Triatmadja - Civil and Environmental Engineering,  Tsunami Research Group, Research
                   Centre for Engineering Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, INDONESIA
                                 radiantatoo@yahoo.com

Benazir - Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tsunami Research Group, Universitas Gadjah Mada,          
                  Yogyakarta, 55281,INDONESIA
                                benazir_27iska@yahoo.com

 

ABSTRACT


After the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 in Aceh, houses and other buildings were reconstructed by government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). The new buildings near the coastline are open directly to similar tsunami attack. The layout of such new residential are normally arranged and aligned as rows of buildings. The front rows of the buildings suffer more tsunami force due to their location that are closer to the beach and the effect of the reflection from the adjacent buildings. This research aims to analyze the tsunami force on buildings of different types, and the effect of other buildings nearby. The research was conducted using a physical model at the Hydraulic and Hydrology Laboratory, Research Centre for Engineering Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia. The physical model simulations were carried out in a flume of 24 m long, 1.45 m wide, and 1.5 m high, that was facilitated with tsunami generator based on dam  break system. The models of the buildings were made of plywood and were placed in a row perpendicular to the flume. The distance between the buildings was varied to observe the effect of the gaps. The results show that the force on the building depends on the gap between the buildings. Although the effect of the gap was more significant on low buildings, the effect of force on high buildings was more sensitive to the change of the gap size. A simple equation for practical use is proposed to calculate the tsunami force on building with the effect of nearby buildings.

Keywords: Tsunami; building; force; pressure, gaps; openings, simulations

Vol. 33, No. 3, page 156 (2014)

 

NOVEL TSUNAMI BARRIERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE, FISH FARMING, AND FOR LAND RECLAMATION                    

Hans J. Scheel - Scheel Consulting, CH-8808 Pfäffikon, SWITZERLAND
         hans.scheel@bluewin.ch     www.hans-scheel.ch

ABSTRACT

     The tsunami hazard can be mitigated if the destructive waves generated from earthquakes and  landslides can be reflected by a stable submerged vertical barrier before striking coastal communities or important structures. Building such deep walls by conventional submarine technology is difficult. The present study describes the principle and the erection of such submarine defensive walls by a relatively simple efficient and economic technology. This technology is based on lowering high-strength steel fences with horizontal anchors, or two parallel steel fences with distance holders, into the sea and fixing them with rocks deposited from top. Dredged material like gravel or sand can be used for additional filling. This Tsunami-Flooding Barrier (TFB) extends a few meters above sea level and carries on top a concrete supply and service road protected on both sides against storm waves by concrete walls. Replaceable surge stoppers (parapets, wave return walls) prevent overtopping and erosion of the seaward barrier face. The TFBs protect the coastline against tsunami and the highest storm waves from hurricanes, but also can provide protection from oil spills or other contaminations from the ocean and thus protect flora, fauna, coral reefs and beaches. Channels and gates allow navigation and can be closed quickly upon a tsunami or storm warning.
     The construction costs can be  eventually compensated by using the reservoirs between coast and barriers for hydroelectric energy storage (using pump-turbines in the barriers) or for fish-farming, or alternatively the reservoir can be filled with rocks, rubble, gravel, sand and covered with soil in order to reclaim new land. Tidal energy can be generated by installing turbines within these barriers.
  Also, this submarine architecture may be applied to protect pillars of bridges and offshore platforms, and for erecting “roads” into the sea to connect near-shore platforms and wind-parks with the coast and additionally include oil, gas, gasoline pipelines and electricity lines.


Keywords: Tsunami and flooding barrier, hydroelectric energy storage, fish-farming, tidal energy, land reclamation, submarine architecture

Vol. 33, No. 3, page 170 (2014)

 

Copyright © 2014 - TSUNAMI SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL

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All Issues of Science of Tsunami Hazards prior to 2006 are also available in pdf format at mirror site
http://epubs.lanl.gov/tsunami/

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SCIENCE OF
TSUNAMI HAZARDS

Journal of Tsunami Society International
ISSN 8755-6839

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All Issues of Science of Tsunami Hazards prior to 2006 are also available in pdf format at mirror site at U.S. Los Alamos National Laboratory
http://epubs.lanl.gov/tsunami/

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