TSUNAMI SOCIETY - SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS

Mitigating the impact of tsunami disasters through research and the dissemination of knowledge

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INTERNATIONAL TSUNAMI SOCIETY

P. O. Box 2117,

Ewa Beach,

HAWAI'I 96706-0117

U.S.A.

SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS

The International Journal of the Tsunami Society


Volume 26, No. 1 - Year 2007

ISSN 8755-6839

ABSTRACTS


PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE EARTHQUAKE (MW 8.1) AND TSUNAMI OF APRIL 1, 2007, IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

Michael A. Fisher, Eric L. Geist, Ray Sliter, Florence L. Wong, Carol Reiss, and Dennis M. Mann

U.S. Geological Survey,
345 Middlefield Rd., MS 999, Menlo Park, California, USA

ABSTRACT

On April 1, 2007, a destructive earthquake (Mw 8.1) and tsunami struck the central Solomon Islands arc in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The earthquake had a thrust-fault focal mechanism and occurred at shallow depth (between 15 km and 25 km) beneath the island arc. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami caused dozens of fatalities and thousands remain without shelter. We present a preliminary analysis of the Mw-8.1 earthquake and resulting tsunami. Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected during 1984 show the geologic structure of the arc's frontal prism within the earthquake's rupture zone. Modeling tsunami-wave propagation indicates that some of the islands are so close to the earthquake epicenter that they were hard hit by tsunami waves as soon as 5 min. after shaking began, allowing people scant time to react.

Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 26, No. 1, page 3 (2007)


A SHALLOW WATER MODEL FOR COMPUTING TSUNAMI ALONG THE WEST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA AND THAILAND USING BOUNDARY-FITTED CURVILINEAR GRIDS

Md. Fazlul Karima, G D Royb, Ahmad Izani M Ismaila, Mohammed Ashaque Meaha

mdfazlulk@yahoo.com ; gaurangadebroy@gmail.com; izani@cs.usm.my; mamsust@yahoo.com

School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Department of Mathematics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand is curvilinear in nature and the bending is especially high along the coast of South Thailand. In hydrodynamic models for coastal seas, bays and estuaries, the use of boundary-fitted curvilinear grids not only makes the model grids fit well with the coastline and bathymetry, but also makes the finite difference scheme simple. In this study, a shallow water model is developed using boundary fitted curvilinear mesh. The west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand and the western open boundary are represented by two curves, which are defined by two functions. The other two boundaries are considered as straight lines along the open sea. Appropriate transformations of independent coordinates are applied so that the curvilinear physical domain transforms to a rectangular domain and the curvilinear grid system transforms to a rectangular system. The depth averaged shallow water equations and the boundary conditions are transformed to the new space domain and these are solved in the rectangular mesh of the transformed space. The model is applied to compute some aspects of the tsunami associated with the 26 December 2004 Indonesian tsunami along the coastal belts of Penang in Malaysia and Phuket in Thailand. The computed results along the coastal belts are in excellent agreement with the observe data available in the USGS website.

Keywords: boundary-fitted curvilinear grid; shallow water model; Indonesian tsunami 2004

Mathematics Subject Classification: 86A05, 86A17

Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 26, No. 1, page 21 (2007)


REFRACTION OF TSUNAMI WAVES OF 26 DECEMBER 2004, ALONG SOUTHWEST COAST OF INDIA

K.K.Varma and A. Sakkeer Hussain
Dept. of Fishery Hydrography, College of Fisheries
Panangad, Kochi - 682506.

ABSTRACT

In this paper the refraction of the tsunami of 26 December 2004, which caused severe damage along the south west coast of India has been studied. Wave refraction diagrams for the possible wave directions indicate convergence around the places like Kolachel, around Kollam and Alappuzha, where greater destructions occurred due to this tsunami and divergence at the places spared by the tsunami. Broad areas vulnerable to tsunamis have been identified. Possible causes for increased destruction in Kolachel at the southern tip of Indian peninsula are discussed. Bottom topography is one of the factors that determine the intensity of the tsunami waves. Bottom steering is caused by the wave refraction. Comparatively gentler sloping topography in a zone north of Kollam at depths beyond 200m and the topographic dome off Kollam appear to have influence on determining the impact of tsunamis.

For correspondence (E-mail: varmacochin@yahoo.com)

Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 26, No. 1, page 42 (2007)


THE ALL-SOURCE GREEN'S FUNCTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO TSUNAMI PROBLEMS


ZHIGANG XU
CANADIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE, MAURICE LAMONTAGNE INSTITUTE
FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA

P.O. Box 1000, 850 route de la Mer Mont-Joli, Québec Canada G5H 3Z4

E-mail: xuz@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

ABSTRACT

The classical Green's function provides the global linear response to impulse forcing at a particular source location. It is a type of one-source-all-receiver Green's function. This paper presents a new type of Green's function, referred to as the all-source-one-receiver, or for short the all-source Green's function (ASGF), in which the solution at a point of interest (POI) can be written in terms of global forcing without requiring the solution at other locations. The ASGF is particularly applicable to tsunami problems. The response to forcing anywhere in the global ocean can be determined within a few seconds on an ordinary personal computer or on a web server. The ASGF also brings in two new types of tsunami charts, one for the arrival time and the second for the gain, without assuming the location of the epicenter or reversibility of the tsunami travel path. Thus it provides a useful tool for tsunami hazard preparedness and to rapidly calculate the real-time responses at selected POIs for a tsunami generated anywhere in the world's oceans.

Keywords: all-source Green's functions, real-time tsunami arrival simulations, tsunami arrival time charts, tsunami gain charts.

Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 26, No. 1, page 59 (2007)


 

Volume 26 No. 1 (2007)



 

ISSUES

(Individual Papers)

YEAR 2005

YEAR 2006


------------------------------------------------------------------------
All Issues Prior to 2006 are available at
Science of Tsunami Hazards PDF Files (a mirror site)
at http://epubs.lanl.gov/tsunami/.
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Last updated: September 2007


TSUNAMI SOCIETY

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SCIENCE OF

TSUNAMI HAZARDS

The International Journal of The Tsunami Society

Online Current Journals | Titles &Authors - All Past Journals | Editorial Board | Publication Services | Peer Review Process & Policy | Instructions for Authors | Paper Submission | Disclaimer |

© 2007 Tsunami Society

Last update: September 2007