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INTERNATIONAL
TSUNAMI SOCIETY
P. O. Box 2117,
Ewa Beach,
HAWAI'I 96706-0117
U.S.A.
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SCIENCE
OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS
The
International Journal of the Tsunami Society
Volume
27, No. 3 - Year
2008
ISSN 8755-6839
ABSTRACTS
ENERGY
FLUX AS A TOOL IN LOCATING TSUNAMI SECONDARY SOURCES
Zygmunt Kowalik -
Institute of Marine
Science, School of Fishery and Ocean Science, Un. of Alaska,
Fairbanks, Alaska
ABSTRACT
The sea levels recorded
in the wake of the Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 2004 and
of the Kuril Island Tsunami of November 2006 show strong tsunami
signal enhancement of the late arriving secondary waves. Using
these tsunami events we demonstrate that sudden changes
caused by higher energy pulses in the intermittent tsunami wave
trains can be assessed by energy fluxes. Therefore, to delineate
the regions of tsunami wave amplification and travel time,
we propose to use energy flux.
A series of numerical experiments defined in an explicit
way the bathymetric features which scatter tsunami signal
towards ports, like Crescent City. The identification of the
distant bathymetric features was achievable since the energy
flux vector delineated the energy pathways that coupled
with distant bathymetric features to ports located thousands
of kilometers apart. Calculations of the energy flux vector involve
simple formulas based on two components of velocity and sea
level. Since velocity is required and usually it is not recorded
at gauges, such calculation can be made only through numerical
computations. The maximum of the energy flux (which has no directional
properties) can be evaluated from the sea level amplitude,
hence both observed and computed sea level can be used for this
purpose. The main task of this paper is to suggest that tsunami
warning and prediction services should use numerical-hydrodynamical
models with wider scope of physical processes by incorporating
the energy balance equation into presently used tools.
Science of Tsunami
Hazards, Vol. 27, No. 3, page 1 (2008)
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ASSIMILATION
OF REAL-TIME DEEP SEA BUOY DATA FOR TSUNAMI FORECASTING ALONG
THAILAND'S ANDAMAN COASTLINE
Seree Supharatid
- Natural Disaster
Research Center, Rangsit University, Pathumtani, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The occurrence
of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami enhanced the necessity for a tsunami
early warning system for countries bordering the Indian Ocean,
including Thailand. This paper describes the assimilation of
real-time deep sea buoy data for tsunami forecasting along Thailand's
Andaman coastline. Firstly, the numerical simulation (by the
linear and non-linear shallow water equations) was carried out
for hypothetical cases of tsunamigenic earthquakes with epicenters
located in the Andaman micro plate. Outputs of the numerical
model are tsunami arrival times and the maximum wave height that
can be expected at 58 selected communities along Thailand Andaman
coastline and two locations of DART buoys in the Indian Ocean.
Secondly, a "neural" network model (GRNN) was developed
to access the data from the numerical computations for subsequent
construction of a tsunami database that can be displayed on a
web-based system. This database can be updated with the integration
from two DART buoys and from several GRNN models.
Science of Tsunami
Hazards, Vol. 27, No. 3, page 30 (2008)
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TSUNAMI
SCENARIO SIMULATOR: A TOOL FOR ENSURING EFFECTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AND COASTAL EVACUATION IN A MULTILANGUAGE SOCIETY
Virginia Clerveaux
- Department of
Civil Engineering, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.
Toshitaka Katada
- Department of Civil
Engineering, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.
Kyohei Hosoi - Institute of Social Technology,
Japan.
ABSTRACT
An emergent
paradigm in disaster-risk reduction is the issue of Multilanguage
societies within the context of risk information and communication.
The primary mitigation measure for tsunamis is the development
of effective warning systems and evacuation strategies. The scale
of the earthquake, the level of maintenance of prevention structures,
such as seawalls, efficiency of the information dissemination
system and the residents' willingness to evacuate, influence
the impact of a tsunami disaster. Therefore, the goal of tsunami
disaster reduction is concerned not only with the use of prevention
infrastructures but also with encouraging residents to evacuate
quickly through the provision of disaster education and the relay
of disaster information in a manner comprehendible by all groups
in society. The simulator combines hydrodynamic simulation of
tsunamis with warning and human-response simulations for evacuation.
Additionally, because of its visual 3D/GIS presentation the simulator
is an effective tool for educating the public.
Science of Tsunami
Hazards, Vol. 27, No. 3, page 48 (2008)
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FIELD
SURVEY OF THE DECEMBER 26, 2004 TSUNAMI AT KANYAKUMARI, INDIA
Arun Bapat
- Seismological Consultant,
Pune (India)
Tad Murty - Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
ABSTRACT
The tsunami of
26th December 2004 in the Indian Ocean impacted the town of Kanyakumari
at the very southern tip of India. On a coastline of about 4.8
km in length, the tsunami amplitudes varied from about 1.5 m
to about 9.5 m. The horizontal extent of inundation ranged from
a few meters to about 1,000. The large tsunami run-up variations
over such a short distance were caused by wave convergences and
divergences due to local shoreline geometry, its orientation
and the near shore bathymetric gradients. Apparently, the physical
process of quarter wave resonance amplification also played a
significant role in enhancing the tsunami run-up at certain locations.
The present study reports on the results of the field survey
as well as on information gathered through eyewitness accounts.
Science of Tsunami
Hazards, Vol. 27, No. 3, page 72 (2008)
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Copyright © 2008 - THE
TSUNAMI SOCIETY
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All Issues Prior to 2006 are also available at
Science of Tsunami Hazards PDF Files (a mirror site)
at http://epubs.lanl.gov/tsunami/.
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Last updated: March 2008
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