ISSUES - Year 2011
ISSN 8755-6839
VOLUME
30, No. 3 (2011)
ABSTRACTS
for Volume 30, No 3
Complete Journal - STHVol30N3Y2011 (PDF Document 96.3 MB)
Journal in compressed format - STHVol30N3Y2011 (PDF Document 1.9 MB)
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THE RESPONSE OF MONTEREY BAY TO THE GREAT TOHOKU
EARTHQUAKE OF 2011 153
L. C. Breaker - Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA
T. S. Murty - University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CANADA
D. Carroll - Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA
W. J. Teague - Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
ABSTRACT
The response of Monterey Bay to the Great Tohoku earthquake of 2011 is examined in this study. From a practical standpoint, although the resulting tsunami did not cause any damage to the open harbors at Monterey and Moss Landing, it caused extensive damage to boats and infrastructure in Santa Cruz Harbor, which is closed to surrounding waters. From a scientific standpoint, the observed and predicted amplitudes of the tsunami at 1 km from the source were 21.3 and 22.5 m based on the primary arrival from one DART bottom pressure recorder located 986 km ENE of the epicenter. The predicted and observed travel times for the tsunami to reach Monterey Bay agreed within 3%. The predicted and observed periods of the tsunami-generated wave before it entered the bay yielded periods that approached 2 hours. Once the tsunami entered Monterey Bay it was transformed into a seiche with a primary period of 36-37 minutes, corresponding to quarter-wave resonance within the bay. Finally, from a predictive standpoint, major tsunamis that enter the bay from the northwest, as in the present case, are the ones most likely to cause damage to Santa Cruz harbor.
Keywords: Great Tohoku earthquake, Monterey Bay, damage reports, singular spectrum analysis, seiche modes
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 30, No. 3, page 153 (2011)
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TSUNAMI RISK MITIGATION THROUGH STRATEGIC LAND-USE PLANNING AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES FOR COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN SRI LANKA (64.2 MB) Compressed (356 KB)
Woharika Kaumudi Weerasinghe - Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, JAPAN
Akihiko Hokugo - Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, JAPAN
Yuko Ikenouchi - Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, JAPAN
ABSTRACT
Safety measures against the future disaster risk are considered as the main aspect of post disaster reconstructions. The majority of post-disaster villages/settlements and due projects on Sri Lankan coastline are apparently lacking behind the proper safety measures and adequate evacuation procedures. Therefore the immediate necessities of proper safety measures have to be emphasized in order to mitigate future tsunami risks. This paper introduces a number of post disaster coastal villages/settlements, which are in future coastline hazard risk, mainly in a future tsunami event. These include their location risk, land uses and housing designs defects and shortcomings of other safety measures. Furthermore few tsunami risk mitigation measures through land use planning strategies, which could be applied more easily in community level, are introduced. In addition to those the strategic development methods of functional networks of evacuation routes and shelters in different topographies are examined.
Keywords: Tsunami Risk Mitigation, Coastal Communities, Strategic Land-use Planning, Evacuation Routes, Vertical Evacuation Shelter
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 30, No. 3, page 163 (2011)
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A CATALOG OF TSUNAMIS IN LA RÉUNION ISLAND FROM AUGUST 27TH, 1883 TO OCTOBER 26TH, 2010 (5.9 MB) Compressed (272 KB)
Alexandre Sahal - Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, CNRS (UMR 8591), FRANCE.
Julie Morin - Equipe « Géologie des Systèmes volcaniques », IPGP, Université de la Réunion, CNRS (UMR 7154), Saint Denis, La Réunion, FRANCE.
François Schindelé - CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, Arpajon Cedex, FRANCE.
Franck Lavigne - Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, Université Paris, Panthéon-Sorbonne, CNRS (UMR 8591), FRANCE.
ABSTRACT
The PREPARTOI project (“Prevention and research for the mitigation of the tsunami risk in the French territories of the Indian Ocean”, the French acronym equivalent to « get-ready »), began in early 2010. The first stage of this integrated tsunami risk assessment project consisted in evaluating the tsunami hazard on La Réunion Island by collecting and synthesizing all available data about past tsunamis and their effects. This first step was implemented through archive and field research during 2010. Seven tsunami occurrences were identified as having impacted La Réunion Island between 1883 (explosion of the Krakatau volcano) and October 2010 (end of the field research). All these events had sources along the Indonesian margin and were triggered by earthquakes of magnitude higher or equal to Mw=7.7, affecting the island with maximal runups reaching 7m. These tsunamis mostly affected the harbors damaging many boats, especially in 2004. Although historically the tsunami hazard is quite moderate on the island’s coasts, the high concentration of people along the shore and in low elevation areas, highlights considerable stakes and high vulnerability resulting in significant risk, especially in Saint-Paul, a city which was completely flooded in 1883.
Keywords: tsunamis; teletsunamis; Indian Ocean; La Réunion; catalog
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 30, No. 3, page 178 (2011)
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DETECTION OF LOCAL SITE CONDITIONS INFLUENCING EARTHQUAKE SHOCK AND SECONDARY EFFECTS IN THE VALPARAISO AREA IN CENTRAL CHILE USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS METHODS (25.5 MB) Compressed (856 KB)
Barbara Theilen-Willige - Technical University of Berlin, Inst. of Applied Geosciences, Berlin, GERMANY
Felipe Barrios Burnett - Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service, Chilean Navy, CHILE
ABSTRACT
The potential contribution of remote sensing and GIS techniques to earthquake hazard analysis was investigated in Valparaiso in Chile in order to improve the systematic, standardized inventory of those areas that are more susceptible to earthquake ground motions or to earthquake related secondary effects such as landslides, liquefaction, soil amplifications, compaction or even tsunami-waves. Geophysical, topographical, geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and integrated into a spatial database using Geoinformation Systems (GIS) and image processing techniques. The GIS integrated evaluation of satellite imageries, of digital topographic data and of various open-source geodata can contribute to the acquisition of those specific tectonic, geomorphologic/ topographic settings influencing local site conditions in Valparaiso, Chile. Using the weighted overlay techniques in GIS, susceptibility maps were produced indicating areas, where causal factors influencing near-surface earthquake shock occur aggregated. Causal factors (such as unconsolidated sedimentary layers within a basin’s topography, higher groundwater tables, etc.) summarizing and interfering each other, rise the susceptibility of soil amplification and of earthquake related secondary effects. This approach was used as well to create a tsunami flooding susceptibility map. LANDSAT Thermal Band 6-imageries were analysed to get information of surface water currents in this area.
Keywords: Local site conditions, tsunami and slope failure susceptibility, Central-Chile, remote sensing and GIS
Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 30, No. 3, page 191 (2011)
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